![]() ![]() ![]() When referring to nuclides of the same element they are generally term isotopes i.e. Nuclides are often identified using the name of the element and the mass number (total number of protons and neutrons), i.e. Elements with atomic numbers 1 – 98 have all been shown to exist in nature while elements with atomic number 99 – 118 have only ever been produced artificially. As an example hydrogen has three (3) isotopes: hydrogen-1 (hydrogen), hydrogen-2 (deuterium) and hydrogen-3 (tritium) (Figure 3).Īt present there are 118 known elements which are typically displayed on the periodic table of the elements. The mass of the nucleus in atomic mass units (amu) is usually slightly different from the mass number.Ītoms of the same element can have different number of neutrons and they are called isotopes of that element. The mass number (A) of the nucleus is equal to Z + N (Figure 2). The number of neutrons in the nucleus is denoted by N. The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number (Z), the atomic number defines the element. This force is much stronger than the electrostatic force that binds electrons to the nucleus, but its range is limited to distances of the order of 1 x 10 -15 meters. See Figure 1. Nuclei are made of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons held together by a nuclear force. An atom is the smallest unit of an element that will behave as that element.Ītoms consist of an extremely small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. Although typically the nucleus is less than one ten-thousandth the size of the atom, the nucleus contains more that 99.9% of the mass of the atom. oxygen, carbon, uranium) are made up of different types of atoms. ![]() Atoms are the extremely small particles that are the basic building blocks of ordinary matter.Ītoms can join together to form molecules, which make up most objects. ![]()
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![]() ![]() It cannot be missing in the household on the tables of Mexican. To learn more about cholesterol and heart disease, read Managing Your Cholesterol, a Special Health Report from Harvard Medical School. Squirt Grapefruit or Toronja is a Mexican soft drink with more than 50 years of tradition. Grapefruit juice affects certain statins more than others. But to be on the safe side, check with your doctor, and avoid taking your pills with grapefruit juice. Stop shaking once the exterior of the cocktail shaker frosts over. Cap the cocktail shaker and give it a vigorous shake for 30 seconds. Next, add the lime juice, jalapeño simple syrup, tequila blanco, and grapefruit juice to the shaker. What's more, eating half a grapefruit is even less risky than drinking grapefruit juice, since it takes several fruits to make a single glass of juice. Fill a large cocktail shaker with a handful of ice. That's because the studies showing dangerous effects used massive amounts of furanocoumarins, the amount found in a quart or more of the juice. But if you can't switch, experts say it's probably okay to enjoy a small glass. Not all statins are affected equally by grapefruit juice, so grapefruit fans might want to switch to a statin that's less affected (see the table below). As a result, more of the drug is absorbed, making it more powerful than it's meant to be - even toxic in some cases. Grapefruit juice contains compounds called furanocoumarins that stop CYP3A from doing its job. Why?Ī: Certain classes of drugs - most notably statins - are metabolized (broken down) in your intestines by an enzyme called CYP3A, which normally reduces the amount of drug that enters your bloodstream. Q: I've heard that people shouldn't drink grapefruit juice if they're taking a statin. ![]() |